![]() For instance, in a recent article about the socioeconomic integration of ethnic minorities, Yaojun Li and Anthony Heath ( 2017) write: ‘In the past few decades, most ethnic studies in Britain, USA, continental Europe and many other parts of the world have tended to focus on ‘visible’ ethnic minorities who migrate from developing to developed countries in search of a better life for themselves and their children, or asylum seekers trying to flee war-torn zones, famine or political persecution in their home countries.’ (p. Historically, ethnic minority status has typically been linked with being non-White (often in conjunction with one’s migration history). In that sense, racial visibility in terms of an unambiguously non-White appearance was an assumed characteristic of minority status, and did not require further reflection. ![]() In much scholarship on ethnic and racial minority people, social scientists have tended to assume that their ‘race’ is readily apparent to the observer, so that people can identify their racial in-groups and out-groups without much difficulty (Masuoka, 2011). Yet as I argue below, while the meanings and boundaries of such categories have always been contested to some degree, debates about the use of such terms, and how they are related to our understandings of ‘visibility’ and minority status, are becoming even more salient, given both immigration and demographic diversity. Throughout this website the term Black is used in a political sense and will encompass those of African, Caribbean, Asian and Arab descent.’ Both of these examples, referring to ‘people of colour’, and ‘Black’ female professors, illustrate the common usage of categories and terms which are meant to refer to specific and bounded forms of membership within multi-ethnic societies such as Britain. On its home page, in which I have been listed, we are told that: ‘ When a person says that they are politically black, they identify themselves with these empowering sentiments rather than just a race. On another occasion, I received a notice about the establishment of the Black Female Professors Forum (in Britain). ![]() In a recent email invitation for a talk given about ‘perceptions of internal and external spaces’ sent around my university, the registration link states: ‘This workshop is open to People of Colour ONLY’.
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